建筑物掏土纠倾法单孔与多孔塑性区特性研究及工程应用

在建筑物水平掏土纠倾工程中，掏土孔间距是影响纠倾工程安全与工期的重要因素。为了快速准确地确定纠倾工程中的水平掏土孔间距，研究了单个掏土孔和多个掏土孔情况下孔周边土体塑性区发展特性。利用土体塑性力学分析计算得到了单孔下的孔周土塑性区半径，而后通过有限元模拟得到孔周土体塑性区半径的数值解，将孔周塑性区半径解析解与数值解进行了对比。并通过有限元数值模型研究了多个掏土孔相互影响情况下的塑性区发展规律，以孔间土体塑性区贯通时的距离作为掏土孔间距。考虑土体参数随机特性的影响，研究不同上部荷载作用下掏土孔间距的取值变化规律，上部面荷载与地基承载力特征值比值用p表示，孔间距与掏土孔直径比值用n表示。研究发现：多孔塑性区半径（孔间塑性区贯通时）是单孔塑性区半径的1.3倍左右;标准化荷载p与孔间距比值n二者呈线性关系;通过不同土体参数及上部荷载的不同情况下的p-n曲线，给出了掏土孔间距建议值。同时，将研究结果与三个实际工程进行对比，发现p-n曲线法与实际结果更为接近。     

A Tradeoff Between Accuracy and Speed for K-Means Seed Determination

With a sharp increase in the information volume, analyzing and retrieving this vast data volume is much more essential than ever. One of the main techniques that would be beneficial in this regard is called the Clustering method. Clustering aims to classify objects so that all objects within a cluster have similar features while other objects in different clusters are as distinct as possible. One of the most widely used clustering algorithms with the well and approved performance in different applications is the k-means algorithm. The main problem of the k-means algorithm is its performance which can be directly affected by the selection in the primary clusters. Lack of attention to this crucial issue has consequences such as creating empty clusters and decreasing the convergence time. Besides, the selection of appropriate initial seeds can reduce the cluster’s inconsistency. In this paper, we present a new method to determine the initial seeds of the k-mean algorithm to improve the accuracy and decrease the number of iterations of the algorithm. For this purpose, a new method is proposed considering the average distance between objects to determine the initial seeds. Our method attempts to provide a proper tradeoff between the accuracy and speed of the clustering algorithm. The experimental results showed that our proposed approach outperforms the Chithra with 1.7% and 2.1% in terms of clustering accuracy for Wine and Abalone detection data, respectively. Furthermore, achieved results indicate that comparing with the Reverse Nearest Neighbor (RNN) search approach, the proposed method has a higher convergence speed.     

低渗油田高压注水井在线酸化技术研究与试验

为实现对注水井的酸化解堵及增注降压的效果，保障低渗油田开发的高效性与安全性，对低渗油田高压注水井在线酸化技术进行研究和试验分析。制备复合酸液体系，确定在线酸化施工中的注酸速度与强度等参数，并设计在线监测装置实时监控在线酸化施工，检验结果表明，该复合酸液具有较高的螯合性与沉淀抑制性，具有较高的岩粉溶蚀率；应用该复合酸液实施在线酸化施工，施工后试验注水井的地层吸液性及注水量显著上升，井口油压及施工压力显著下降，增注降压效果明显，可解除注水井储层的堵塞物，为提升低渗油田开发的安全性与高效性提供保障。实验结果表明，所提技术使井口的油压由9.11MPa降到1.71MPa、泵注压力由9.77MPa降到7.51MPa，说明能有效缓解井口油压以及泵注压力，加大整体的施工排量，实现增注降压的目标。     

滤棒发射管道自动清堵系统的设计与应用

滤棒从发射端到接收端的发射过程中,不可避免会发生堵塞现象,堵塞现象发生后,会严重影响卷接机组的正常生产.针对此问题,设计了一套滤棒发射管道自动清堵系统,利用反吹装置将压缩空气从卷烟机滤棒入口端反向流向发射机出口端,以此来实现对滤棒发射管道的自动清理.经实际应用验证,该系统可有效地降低排除堵管故障的时间和工作强度,提高生产效率.